Most food to the International Space Station are shipped as cargo from Earth. However, longer-duration space missions, such as those to Mars, will need a self-sustaining food supply.
Scientists are researching how to grow food in space, including a test system that involves a tank of urine and a tomato plant, as reported by the BBC.
The Earth is a closed biological system with plants producing oxygen and food. Then you have the animals and microbes that degrade the plant and animal waste processes into soil. Without these systems, no sustainable long-term life-support system would be viable.
Using both synthetic and human urine, scientists are conducting lab experiments to re-create this cycle in a way that could be useful for long term space-flight, the BBC reported.